San Antonio, TX Zoning

Euclidean-zoning. 36 districts · 9 overlays · 3 applicable state preemptions.

Overview

Code type
euclidean
Naming convention
mixed
Naming convention by category
residential_sflot-size-encoded (R-20, R-6, R-5, R-4, R-3, R-2, R-1 = min lot sf in thousands); RE = Rural Estate (1-acre); RP = Resource Protection (10-acre); NP-8/10/15 = Neighborhood Preservation minimum lot in thousands sf
residential_mfdensity-encoded (MF-18, MF-25, MF-33, MF-40, MF-50, MF-65 = max du/ac)
residential_mixedlot-size-encoded (RM-4, RM-5, RM-6 = min lot sf in thousands)
commercialletter-code + index (NC, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-3R, C-3NA, D)
officeletter-code + intensity (O-1, O-1.5, O-2)
industrialletter-code (I-1/L, I-2)
specialletter-code (ERZD, Q, MR)

San Antonio Chapter 35 UDC is a conventional euclidean code with explicit use-separation — SF/MF/commercial/office/industrial districts with a dimensional table (Table 310-1) and an separate height table (§35-517). The MF family uses true density-encoding (MF-18 → 18 du/ac max), which is distinctive and textbook-cited. The code is use-separated rather than form-based and does not meet the rewrite-in-flight or hybrid-pd thresholds. Overlay system is unusually rich — AHOD (airport), RIO 1-7 (river improvement), MLOD 1-4 (military lighting — SA-specific, covering Lackland / Fort Sam Houston / JBSA-Randolph / Camp Bullis), Missions Historic (UNESCO World Heritage Site), HS/HL (historic), UC/GC/MC/PC (corridors), IDZ (infill flexibility), and EP (event parking). The IDZ overlay provides form-based flexibility on a site-by-site basis but is invoked via rezoning application, not by default, so does not flip the baseline classification. Key San Antonio quirks: (1) density-encoded MF naming; (2) both MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM front setbacks enforced in most residential districts; (3) MLOD-1/2/3/4 lighting overlays unique to this city due to four JBSA installations; (4) Missions Historic overlay protects a UNESCO-inscribed cultural corridor — rare among US cities; (5) Military Reservation district (MR) explicitly cedes jurisdiction to federal/state per V.T.C.A. LGC §211.013.

Worth knowing

+ 14 more in Quirks & notes

Districts

residential 21commercial 6office 3special 3industrial 2mixed_use 1
CodeNameCategory Min lotHeight CoverageFAR Du/acParking Setbacks F/S/R
RPResource Protection (10-acre)residential / /
RERural Estate (1-acre)residential / /
R-20Rural Residential 20 (20,000 sf)residential / /
R-6Single-Family — 6,000 sfresidential / /
R-5Single-Family — 5,000 sfresidential / /
R-4Single-Family — 4,000 sfresidential / /
R-3Small-Lot Single-Family — 3,000 sfresidential / /
R-2Small-Lot Single-Family (attached) — 3,000 sfresidential / /
R-1Small-Lot Single-Family (zero-lot) — 3,000 sfresidential / /
NP-8Neighborhood Preservation — 8,000 sfresidential / /
NP-10Neighborhood Preservation — 10,000 sfresidential / /
NP-15Neighborhood Preservation — 15,000 sfresidential / /
RM-6Residential Mixed — 6,000 sfresidential / /
RM-5Residential Mixed — 5,000 sfresidential / /
RM-4Residential Mixed — 4,000 sfresidential / /
MF-18Multi-Family — 18 du/acresidential / /
MF-25Multi-Family — 25 du/acresidential / /
MF-33Multi-Family — 33 du/acresidential / /
MF-40Multi-Family — 40 du/acresidential / /
MF-50Multi-Family — 50 du/acresidential / /
MF-65Multi-Family — 65 du/acresidential / /
NCNeighborhood Commercialcommercial / /
C-1Light Commercialcommercial / /
C-2Commercialcommercial / /
C-3General Commercialcommercial / /
C-3RGeneral Commercial — Restricted (no alcohol sales)commercial / /
C-3NAGeneral Commercial — No Alcoholcommercial / /
O-1Officeoffice / /
O-1.5Mid-Rise Officeoffice / /
O-2High-Rise Officeoffice / /
DDowntownmixed_use / /
I-1Light Industrial (L)industrial / /
I-2Heavy Industrialindustrial / /
ERZDEnvironmental Resource Zone (Edwards Aquifer Recharge)special / /
QQuarryspecial / /
MRMilitary Reservationspecial / /

Confidence: confirmed partial under review not found

Overlays

AHOD
Airport Hazard Overlay District
AP
§35-332, Division 4 Overlay Districts, UDC · §35-332 UDC

Parcels in the vicinity of San Antonio International Airport (SAT) and Stinson Municipal Airport (SSF), and along approach/departure paths per FAA Part 77 imaginary surfaces. Triggered by proximity to airport reference points and runway centerlines.

MH
Missions Historic Overlay District
HP
§35-310 area provisions, Chapter 35 UDC; DSD zoning materials · §35-310 area UDC; DSD zoning explanation documents

Vicinity of the historic San Antonio Missions (Mission Concepción, Mission San José, Mission San Juan Capistrano, Mission Espada) — UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed 2015. Geographic trigger follows Mission Reach of San Antonio River and associated view-protection corridors.

RIO-1
River Improvement Overlay Districts (RIO 1–7)
CORR
§35-338, Chapter 35 UDC · §35-338 UDC

Properties adjacent to and near the San Antonio River and its improvements. Seven sub-districts (RIO-1 through RIO-7) map along different reaches — RIO-1 through RIO-3 along the central / downtown Riverwalk reach; RIO-4 through RIO-7 along museum / mission / southern reaches.

UC
Urban / Gateway / Metropolitan / Preservation Corridor Overlays
CORR
§35-339 (UC); §35-339.01 (GC, MC, PC), Chapter 35 UDC · §35-339, §35-339.01 UDC

Named roadway corridors designated by ordinance. UC = Urban Corridor (dense urban arterials); GC = Gateway Corridor (city-edge approaches); MC = Metropolitan Corridor (regional arterials); PC = Preservation Corridor (heritage routes).

MLOD-1
Military Lighting Overlay Districts (MLOD 1–4)
MIL
Chapter 35 UDC overlay districts section — MLOD-1 (Camp Bullis), MLOD-2 (JBSA-Randolph), MLOD-3 (Lackland/Kelly Field Annex), MLOD-4 (Fort Sam Houston). SA-specific — four distinct installations generate four MLOD footprints. · Chapter 35 UDC MLOD provisions; JBSA AICUZ Studies

Proximity to the four JBSA installations — Lackland AFB (Kelly Field Annex, southwestern SA), Fort Sam Houston (central-east SA), JBSA-Randolph (northeastern Bexar County), and Camp Bullis (northern Bexar County, I-10 West corridor). Each sub-district has a distinct geographic footprint defined by installation-specific lighting / noise compatibility contours.

HS
Historic Significant / Historic Landmark Overlay Districts
HP
§35-600 series, UDC; Historic and Design Review Commission (HDRC) · §35-600 UDC; HDRC administrative rules

Individually-designated historic sites and districts citywide. Locally-designated historic landmarks (HL) and historic-significant buildings/districts (HS) mapped on SA Office of Historic Preservation inventory. SA has one of the largest locally-designated historic portfolios in Texas — King William, Monte Vista, Government Hill, Denver Heights, La Villita, Alamo Plaza, and many smaller districts.

IDZ
Infill Development Zone (IDZ)
SPEC
§35-343.01, Chapter 35 UDC · §35-343.01 UDC

Underutilized parcels within qualifying infill areas of the city; requires rezoning application to apply IDZ. Three intensity levels (Low, Medium, High) available at rezoning. Not auto-applied — invoked by applicant.

EP-1
Facility Parking / Traffic Control Overlay (EP)
SPEC
Chapter 35 UDC overlay districts section — EP-1 primary sub-district · Chapter 35 UDC overlay section

Special event facilities and venues requiring traffic/parking management. EP-1 applies around major venues (Alamodome, Freeman Coliseum, Frost Bank Center vicinity). Additional EP sub-districts may exist around stadiums and entertainment complexes.

FP
Floodplain — FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area
FP
Chapter 35 UDC floodplain provisions; City of San Antonio Floodplain Management Ordinance; Bexar County Flood Control coordination · SA Floodplain Management Ordinance; FEMA FIRM 48029C; Chapter 35 UDC

FEMA SFHA (Zone A / AE / AO) per FIRM panels 48029C for Bexar County / San Antonio geography. Principal floodplain features: San Antonio River corridor (central), Salado Creek, Leon Creek, Medina River (southwestern), Cibolo Creek (northeastern). Substantial portions of southern / southeastern SA within SFHA.

State preemptions

Qualifying condition
SB 840 applicability gate: city population ≥ 150,000 AND county population ≥ 300,000 AND parcel in commercial / office / retail / warehouse / mixed-use base zone. San Antonio population = 1,495,295 (2024 Census PEP) ≥ 150,000 threshold. Bexar County population = 2,059,530 (2024 Census PEP) ≥ 300,000 threshold. Chapter 35 UDC has eligible base categories: NC, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-3R, C-3NA (commercial); O-1, O-1.5, O-2 (office); D (Downtown — mixed-use effectively). Both population thresholds cleared; parcel category trigger satisfied. Arithmetic: 1,495,295 >= 150,000 (city); 2,059,530 >= 300,000 (county).
Source
US Census Vintage 2024 PEP (San Antonio city; Bexar County); Texas SB 840 text (88th Legislature), effective Sep 1, 2025; San Antonio Chapter 35 UDC Table 310-1 district inventory
Effect
Multifamily residential permitted by-right on C-1/C-2/C-3/C-3R/C-3NA/O-1/O-1.5/O-2 and other commercial/office parcels. State-law floors override base UDC: ≥36 du/ac (or city's highest MF density — which in SA is MF-65 at 65 du/ac, so SA's higher figure controls); ≥45 ft height minimum (or city's highest allowed height); ≤25 ft setbacks; ≤1 parking space per unit; ministerial approval — discretionary review waived. Downtown (D) district already has no height/size/parking limits, so SB 840 floors are subsumed by existing D permissiveness. Biggest pattern-change on C-1 / C-2 / C-3 / O-1 / O-1.5 parcels where MF was previously conditional or prohibited.
Qualifying condition
SB 15 applies statewide to lots ≤ 4,000 sf; no population gate on the preempting law itself (applies to any TX municipality). San Antonio has base districts with min lot sizes at or below 4,000 sf: R-4 (4,000 sf), R-3 (3,000 sf), R-2 (3,000 sf), R-1 (3,000 sf), RM-4 (4,000 sf). These districts are the qualifying geography for SB 15 override. Any lot ≤ 4,000 sf (including lots in larger-minimum districts that are legal-nonconforming or subdivided) receives SB 15 protection on setback / parking / height / FAR.
Source
Texas SB 15 text (88th Legislature, effective Sep 1, 2025); SA Chapter 35 UDC Table 310-1 district inventory (IB565)
Effect
Lots ≤ 4,000 sf: city cannot impose setback, parking, height, or FAR restrictions beyond state floor. Waives SA's minimum AND maximum front setback rule on qualifying small lots (the distinctive SA requirement). Waives SA's standard 35-ft base height ceiling (governed by §35-517) for small-lot infill. Enables missing-middle infill on R-4 / RM-4 / R-3 / R-2 / R-1 lots. Cities retain use-control authority and life-safety code.
Federal / USAF — JBSA AICUZ (Lackland AFB, Fort Sam Houston, JBSA-Randolph, Camp Bullis) — FAA Part 77 airspace surfacesapplies
Qualifying condition
Federal preemption layer. San Antonio hosts Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), which consolidates Lackland AFB (Kelly Field Annex), Fort Sam Houston, and JBSA-Randolph under one command. Additionally Camp Bullis military training area occupies northern Bexar County. Each installation has AICUZ (Air Installation Compatible Use Zones) and FAA Part 77 airspace surfaces generating height caps and noise/accident-potential-zone overlays. Texas LGC §241 (Municipal Airport Zoning Act) is the state enforcement mechanism. San Antonio implements as: AHOD (Airport Hazard Overlay District, §35-332) for civil airports including SAT and Stinson; MLOD-1/-2/-3/-4 (Military Lighting Overlay Districts) for light pollution control around JBSA installations. AICUZ + FAA Part 77 supersede state SB 840 / SB 15 where they impose height caps or residential restrictions — FAA and USAF carve-outs preserved in both state laws.
Source
USAF JBSA AICUZ Studies; FAA Part 77 14 CFR; Texas LGC §241; SA Chapter 35 UDC §35-332 (AHOD); UDC MLOD overlay section
Effect
AHOD height caps per FAA Part 77 imaginary surfaces on parcels within airport overlay — supersede UDC base max_height_ft and SB 840 ≥45 ft floor where more restrictive. AICUZ noise and APZ overlays restrict residential density and use within ≥65 dB DNL contours and APZ-1/APZ-2 zones around JBSA installations — survives SB 840 MF-by-right mandate via airport carve-out. MLOD-1/-2/-3/-4 imposes lighting / fenestration / use-compatibility standards around four JBSA footprints. Status is federal_state_conflict (not preempted_by_state) per FM-P discipline — same field (height, residential use) governed by both federal and state law, federal prevails inside overlay.

Adopted building codes

Home rule; major cities on 2024 IBC

2024
2021
2023
Local adoption
IECC (Residential)
2015
IECC (Commercial)
2015

Click a code label to open its state-by-state adoption atlas.

Amendment history

DateKindCitation
2026-04-19retrieved atResearch pass via prior IB565 / docsonline.sanantonio.gov primary source; Municode V1_URL_HINT attempted as SPA shell — retrieval_failure_reason: municode_js_spa
2025-09-01effectiveTexas SB 840 / SB 15 effective — state housing preemptions layered over Chapter 35 UDC
2023-01-01effective234-amendment UDC update effective Jan 1, 2023 — most recent comprehensive overhaul of Chapter 35
2001-05-03adoptionOriginal UDC adopted by Ord. No. 93881, May 3, 2001 (Chapter 35 replacement of prior zoning ordinance)

Quirks & notes

Formulas

Definitions

height
Measured from grade to highest point of structure; governed by §35-517 (NOT Table 310-1)
lot_coverage
Principal building footprint / lot area
far
Gross floor area / lot area
du_ac
Dwelling units per gross acre; density-encoded in MF district codes (MF-18 = 18 du/ac max, etc.)
setback_front_min
Minimum distance from front property line to nearest building face (Table 310-1 Column H)
setback_front_max
MAXIMUM allowable front setback — SA distinctive rule, Table 310-1 Column I — building must be within this max unless exception applies
setback_side
Distance from side property line (or from residential-adjacent side); Note 2 eliminates commercial side setbacks when not abutting residential
setback_rear
Rear property line to nearest building face; MF-to-SF adjacency imposes 40-ft rear (see quirks)
parking
Minimum spaces per DU; MF-40/50/65 structured-parking bonus per §35-310.07
aod_height_cap
FAA Part 77 imaginary surface height limit on AHOD parcels (supersedes base)

Capacity calculations

max_footprint_sf
lot_area_sf * lot_coverage
max_gfa_sf
lot_area_sf * far
buildable_width_ft
lot_width_ft - setback_side_ft * 2
buildable_depth_ft
lot_depth_ft - setback_front_ft - setback_rear_ft
max_stories_approx
max_height_ft / 10
mf_density_from_code
max_du_ac literally encoded in district name (MF-18 → 18 du/ac)
mf_structured_parking_bonus
MF-40/50/65: +10% gross du/ac when all required parking is in structured garage; non-structured parking ≤ 20% of min spaces (§35-310.07)
mf_to_sf_adjacency
Rear setback = 40 ft when MF district abuts platted SF subdivision (IB565 Column K)

Massing explorer

Interactive 3D comparison across every district. Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom, use the slider to walk districts, and toggle applicable overlays in the right-side panel.

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District Category Height FAR Coverage Setbacks Parking Density Min lot Overlays

Sources & references

Primary source
234-amendment comprehensive update effective Jan 1, 2023; 2025 amendments layered · retrieved 2026-04-19

Retrieval failure: municode_js_spa

Research status

Publication gates

primary url presentpassedsource.primary_url = https://library.municode.com/tx/san_antonio/codes/unified_development_code (municode, authoritative); fallback source docsonline.sanantonio.gov/FileUploads/DSD/IB565.pdf captured in source.fallback_source. https://-prefixed, not aggregator.
no aggregator citedpassedProfile scan clean — no zoneomics/steadily/siteplanguide/sitedesignguide/siteplancreator/propwire/zonara/unzoned references. All citations to Chapter 35 UDC §-references, IB565, FEMA FIRM, FAA Part 77, USAF JBSA AICUZ, UNESCO, Texas session laws, Census PEP.
confidence tags full formpassed48/48 confirmed base-district + overlay fields carry {value, status, citation} structure with §-reference or Table-reference. 11 partial fields carry explicit reason. 3 not_captured/not_found fields carry reason. No bare [confirmed] tokens.
overlays have parameters trigger confidencepassed9/9 overlays (AHOD, MH, RIO-1, UC, MLOD-1, HS, IDZ, EP-1, FP) have non-empty params[] (4-7 entries each), populated trigger, status in {confirmed, partial}, and citation. All 9 required overlay types represented: historic (MH, HS), floodplain (FP), environmental (ERZD via base district), airport (AHOD), military (MLOD), downtown (D district + IDZ High), corridor (RIO, UC/GC/MC/PC), affordable/bonus (SB 840 handled via preemption entry), and special-event (EP-1).
preempt section city specificpassedstate_preemptions_applicable[] has 3 entries (SB 840, SB 15, JBSA AICUZ federal_state_conflict) each with qualifying_condition_checked containing numeric inputs (city pop 1,495,295; county pop 2,059,530; vintage 2024 PEP; thresholds ≥150k / ≥300k / ≤4,000 sf). SB 840 arithmetic shows explicit threshold comparison. Federal overlay entry uses status: federal_state_conflict with federal_overlay_refs populated per FM-P discipline. Not link-stubs.

Data quality

82%completeness48 confirmed11 partial
Documented gaps
  • §35-517 per-district height values retrieved as partial; full §-fetch needed
  • MLOD sub-district lighting parameters partial — base framework confirmed
  • EP-1 parking ratios partial
  • RIO sub-district parameter differentiation partial (seven sub-districts confirmed, per-sub values not retrieved)
  • R-2 / R-1 rear setback not captured

Known issues

cohort:needs-dom-retrievalfreshness:volatileblocker:municodedata:gaps-present

Verification

last_verified_at2026-04-19T00:00:00Z
verifier_specialistspec-09 verification-pass
verifier_version1.0
verification_resultpassed
atomic_claims_checked62
atomic_claims_confirmed48
atomic_claims_partial11
atomic_claims_inferred0
atomic_claims_not_found3
pass_rate0.952
notes48 confirmed + 11 partial = 59 of 62 supported (95.2%). 3 not_found atoms are (a) per-district §35-517 height values (retrievable but not in IB565 Table 310-1 — flagged for UDC §-fetch follow-up), (b) R-2/R-1 rear setback values (not specified in IB565 row — attached/zero-lot products), (c) EP-1 sub-district parameters (existence confirmed, specific ratios partial). Pass threshold ≥ 95% met. v1 record had completeness 0.22 — this v2 pass documents 36 base districts (including NP-8/10/15 and MF-65 not in v1), 9 overlays (vs. 8 in v1 with EP-1 and Floodplain added separately), and 3 state-preemption entries (vs. 0 in v1).
narrative_refnarratives/san-antonio-tx/fleet-20260419T210455-13.json

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