Overview
| res_sf | lot-size-encoded-per-unit (R5 = 5,000 sf/unit; distinct from TX per-lot variant) |
|---|---|
| res_mf | intensity-tier-ordered (RM1 < RM2 < RM3 < RM4 < RX) |
| com | letter-code with intensity numeric (CM1/CM2/CM3, CX, CE) |
| off | letter-code (EO) |
| ind | letter-code with intensity (EG1/EG2/IG1/IG2/IH) |
| spec | OS open-space; CI1/CI2 civic institution |
Overlay suffix stack c/p/d/z/a applies to any base zone. Central City Plan District suffix-zones (RXd, CXd, EXd) require Design Overlay. CFEC Climate-Friendly-Area adoption in progress through 2026-2027 per OAR 660-012 — rewrite-in-flight sub-flag reflects ongoing CFA adoption, not wholesale code rewrite.
- FAR increases with more units (R2.5/R5/R7 ladder): base 1-unit ≈0.50, each added unit adds ≈0.10 FAR, 4-unit ≈0.80 (c §33.110.210 Table 110-4). Systematically reverses typical economics — fourplex is more viable than SF on the same lot. In 2021 post-RIP, 88% of new permits were middle housing or ADUs; fourplexes 3× duplexes+triplexes combined.
- Minimum density is MANDATORY on large lots: R5 ≥10,000 sf site requires ≥2 units; R7 ≥14,000 sf ≥2 units; R2.5 ≥5,000 sf ≥2 units (c §33.110.205). A developer cannot build a single large house on a lot that supports two.
- No FAR variances allowed — §33.110.210.B explicitly prohibits adjustments to max FAR, including bonus ratios. Prevents negotiated density reductions.
+ 8 more in Quirks & notes
Districts
| Code | Name | Category | Min lot | Height | Coverage | FAR | Du/ac | Parking | Setbacks F/S/R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RF | Residential Farm-Forest | ag | 52,000 sf[4] | —[5] | —[6] | — | — | 0[7] | —[1] / —[2] / —[3] |
| R20 | R20 | res_sf | 12,000 sf[11] | —[12] | —[13] | —[14] | — | 0[15] | —[8] / —[9] / —[10] |
| R10 | R10 | res_sf | 6,000 sf[19] | —[20] | —[21] | —[22] | — | 0[23] | —[16] / —[17] / —[18] |
| R7 | R7 | res_sf | 4,200 sf[27] | —[28] | —[29] | —[30] | — | 0[31] | —[24] / —[25] / —[26] |
| R5 | R5 | res_sf | 3,000 sf[35] | —[36] | —[37] | 0.5[38] | — | 0[39] | —[32] / —[33] / —[34] |
| R2.5 | R2.5 | res_sf | 1,500 sf[43] | —[44] | —[45] | —[46] | — | 0[47] | —[40] / —[41] / —[42] |
| RM1 | RM1 Low-Density Multi-Dwelling | res_mf | —[51] | —[52] | —[53] | —[54] | — | —[55] | —[48] / —[49] / —[50] |
| RM2 | RM2 Medium-Density Multi-Dwelling | res_mf | —[59] | —[60] | —[61] | —[62] | — | —[63] | —[56] / —[57] / —[58] |
| RM3 | RM3 Higher-Density Multi-Dwelling | res_mf | —[67] | —[68] | —[69] | —[70] | — | —[71] | —[64] / —[65] / —[66] |
| RM4 | RM4 High-Density Multi-Dwelling | res_mf | —[75] | —[76] | —[77] | 4[78] | — | —[79] | —[72] / —[73] / —[74] |
| RX | RX Central Residential | res_mf | —[83] | —[84] | —[85] | —[86] | — | —[87] | —[80] / —[81] / —[82] |
| RMP | RMP Mobile Home Park | res_mf | —[91] | —[92] | —[93] | —[94] | — | —[95] | —[88] / —[89] / —[90] |
| CM1 | CM1 Commercial-Mixed Use 1 | mu | —[99] | —[100] | —[101] | —[102] | — | —[103] | —[96] / —[97] / —[98] |
| CM2 | CM2 Commercial-Mixed Use 2 | mu | —[107] | —[108] | —[109] | —[110] | — | —[111] | —[104] / —[105] / —[106] |
| CM3 | CM3 Commercial-Mixed Use 3 | mu | —[115] | —[116] | —[117] | —[118] | — | —[119] | —[112] / —[113] / —[114] |
| CE | CE Commercial-Employment | mu | —[123] | —[124] | —[125] | —[126] | — | —[127] | —[120] / —[121] / —[122] |
| CX | CX Central Commercial | cbd | —[131] | —[132] | —[133] | —[134] | — | —[135] | —[128] / —[129] / —[130] |
| EX | EX Central Employment | mu | —[139] | —[140] | —[141] | —[142] | — | —[143] | —[136] / —[137] / —[138] |
| EG1 | EG1 General Employment 1 | ind | —[147] | —[148] | —[149] | —[150] | — | —[151] | —[144] / —[145] / —[146] |
| EG2 | EG2 General Employment 2 | ind | —[155] | —[156] | —[157] | —[158] | — | —[159] | —[152] / —[153] / —[154] |
| EO | EO Employment-Office | off | —[163] | —[164] | —[165] | —[166] | — | —[167] | —[160] / —[161] / —[162] |
| IG1 | IG1 General Industrial 1 | ind | —[171] | —[172] | —[173] | —[174] | — | —[175] | —[168] / —[169] / —[170] |
| IG2 | IG2 General Industrial 2 | ind | —[179] | —[180] | —[181] | —[182] | — | —[183] | —[176] / —[177] / —[178] |
| IH | IH Heavy Industrial | ind | —[187] | —[188] | —[189] | —[190] | — | —[191] | —[184] / —[185] / —[186] |
| CI1 | CI1 Campus Institutional 1 | spec | —[195] | —[196] | —[197] | —[198] | — | —[199] | —[192] / —[193] / —[194] |
| CI2 | CI2 Campus Institutional 2 | spec | —[203] | —[204] | —[205] | —[206] | — | —[207] | —[200] / —[201] / —[202] |
| OS | OS Open Space | spec | —[211] | —[212] | —[213] | —[214] | — | —[215] | —[208] / —[209] / —[210] |
Confidence: confirmed partial under review not found
Overlays
Mapped in portlandmaps.com environmental viewer; lots with resources of moderate environmental value (upland wildlife habitat, non-primary wetlands, less-steep riparian buffer)
| density_effect | May reduce allowed density via reduced buildable area |
|---|---|
| buildable_area_restriction | Development restricted within mapped c zone |
| permit_type | Environmental review required |
| RIP_interaction | Middle housing may be constrained on sites with significant c coverage |
Mapped in portlandmaps.com environmental viewer; lots with highest-value resources (primary wetlands, >25% slopes, primary riparian within Willamette/Columbia Sloughs/streams)
| density_effect | Substantially reduces or eliminates allowed density on affected parcel portion |
|---|---|
| buildable_area_restriction | Development prohibited within p zone boundary absent narrow exception |
| permit_type | §33.430 environmental review required |
| RIP_interaction | Middle housing typically not feasible on p-overlay portions |
Commercial/mixed-use areas, high-density residential along major streets, named corridors, Central City Plan District, Station Community plan districts (Gateway, Hollywood)
| review_required | Design Review (Type II or III) for new construction + exterior alterations + additions |
|---|---|
| review_body | Design Commission (Type III) or BDS staff (Type II) |
| standards_document | Community Design Standards or Community Design Guidelines |
| waiver_path | §33.825 adjustments within Design Review |
Individual listed historic resources + Conservation Landmarks + designated HDs (Skidmore/Old Town, Yamhill, 13th Ave, New Chinatown/Japantown, Ladd's Addition, Irvington, Alphabet/Nob Hill, Laurelhurst, Piedmont, King's Hill, Lair Hill + ~20 more) + Conservation Districts (Alameda, Allan Place, Kenton, Mississippi Ave, Russell Street, etc.)
| demolition_review | Historic Resource Review or 150-day Demolition Delay for contributing resources |
|---|---|
| exterior_alteration_review | Type I/II/III depending on impact |
| review_body | Portland Historic Landmarks Commission (Type III); BDS staff (Type I/II) |
| federal_nexus | Portland is a Certified Local Government (NPS/NHPA) |
| RM4_FAR_cap | FAR capped at 3:1 in HP districts (vs 4:1 outside) per §33.120 |
Parcels in R2.5/R5/R7/R10/R20 meeting: wildfire hazard, Airport Noise Impact overlay, industrial sanctuary comp plan designation, or not on street accepted for maintenance. Expanded to R10+R20 in RIP Part 2.
| middle_housing_prohibition | RIP middle housing (duplex/triplex/fourplex/6-unit/cottage cluster) NOT allowed on z sites |
|---|---|
| effect | Reverts parcel to pre-RIP single-dwelling allowance |
| qualifying_conditions | wildfire hazard / Airport Noise Impact overlay / industrial sanctuary / street-not-maintained |
Parcels within ~150 ft of Willamette River ordinary high water line, Willamette Falls to Columbia confluence
| setback | 25-ft vegetated setback from top of bank, or greater per site analysis |
|---|---|
| public_access | New multi-unit + non-residential development must provide public access to river (easement/dedication) |
| permit_type | Greenway Review (Type II) required |
| use_restrictions | Water-dependent/water-related uses prioritized; non-water uses limited |
| state_law_basis | Oregon Goal 15; ORS 390.310-390.368; administered with DLCD |
Parcels within PDX (KPDX) Part 77 surfaces (approach, transition, horizontal, conical, primary) AND parcels within mapped 65+ DNL airport noise impact area; Troutdale Airport (KTTD) Part 77 extends into east Portland
| height_limits | Site-specific per FAA Part 77 surfaces; FAA Form 7460-1 notice for structures penetrating 14 CFR 77.9 thresholds |
|---|---|
| incompatible_uses_in_noise_impact_area | New residential/schools/hospitals restricted in 65+ DNL; attenuation required 60-65 DNL |
| z_overlay_interaction | Airport Noise Impact triggers Constrained Sites z — removes RIP middle-housing |
| federal_authority | 14 CFR Part 77 (airspace); 14 CFR Part 150 (noise compatibility) |
Parcels within Central City boundary (Downtown, Pearl, Old Town/Chinatown, Central Eastside, Lloyd, South Waterfront, Goose Hollow, West End, University); §33.510 Map 510-1
| FAR_bonus_ladder | Base + bonus for affordable housing, historic preservation, public open space, eco-roof, rooftop energy, day-care (§33.510.210) |
|---|---|
| max_FAR | Up to 12:1 in RXd/CXd cores with full bonus; base typically 6:1-9:1 |
| height_variation | Height zones set separately in §33.510 Maps; Willamette Greenway + view corridors cap subareas |
| design_overlay_mandatory | 'd' suffix required — Design Commission review for new buildings + major alterations |
| build_to_and_active_ground_floor | Build-to lines + required ground-floor active uses per subarea |
| TDR | Transfer of Development Rights program allowed within CC (§33.510.220) |
Climate-Friendly Areas designated within Metro UGB per OAR 660-012. Portland-adopted CFAs: core Central City, Gateway, Hollywood, St Johns, Lents Town Center, 82nd Ave corridor. Additional CFAs in pipeline through 2026-2027.
| min_density | State floor ~25 du/ac MF within CFA |
|---|---|
| parking_elimination | No off-street parking minimums within CFAs (statewide since 2023 per OAR 660-012-0420) |
| height_minimum | State-encouraged height minimums 45-85 ft depending on area type |
| design_requirements | Ground-floor active use + pedestrian-oriented frontage |
| federal_state_conflict | PDX Part 77 caps height below CFEC minimums in PDX-proximate CFAs (Airport Way, NE 82nd near Cascade Station, Parkrose, Sumner); federal authority prevails via Supremacy Clause; parcel-level FAA Form 7460-1 required |
State preemptions
Adopted building codes
2024 codes eff. April 2026
Click a code label to open its state-by-state adoption atlas.
Quirks & notes
- FAR increases with more units (R2.5/R5/R7 ladder): base 1-unit ≈0.50, each added unit adds ≈0.10 FAR, 4-unit ≈0.80 (c §33.110.210 Table 110-4). Systematically reverses typical economics — fourplex is more viable than SF on the same lot. In 2021 post-RIP, 88% of new permits were middle housing or ADUs; fourplexes 3× duplexes+triplexes combined.
- Minimum density is MANDATORY on large lots: R5 ≥10,000 sf site requires ≥2 units; R7 ≥14,000 sf ≥2 units; R2.5 ≥5,000 sf ≥2 units (c §33.110.205). A developer cannot build a single large house on a lot that supports two.
- No FAR variances allowed — §33.110.210.B explicitly prohibits adjustments to max FAR, including bonus ratios. Prevents negotiated density reductions.
- Zero off-street parking minimum for residential uses in SD zones (c §33.266). State CFEC rules (OAR 660-012) eliminate parking minimums within Climate-Friendly Areas citywide.
- Narrow-lot height formula: R10-R5 = 1.2 × structure width; R2.5 = 1.5 × width (c §33.110). Prevents tall narrow towers on tiny lots.
- ADUs count toward unit totals: an ADU on an SF lot makes the property a '2-unit' property for FAR ladder + minimum-density calcs (c §33.110 Table 110-4 footnote 2).
- Anti-demolition preservation FAR bonus: existing structure ≥5 years old retained + new units added, ≤25% of street-facing facade altered, earns ~1 FAR increment. Designed to make additions more attractive than demolition-and-rebuild (c §33.110.210.D).
- Cottage clusters are unique: ≥450 sf per cottage, common outdoor area (not in front setback), max 16 cottages, no ADUs in cottage clusters (c §33.110.265.G).
- No traditional SF-only zoning exists — duplex allowed on every residential lot (except RF and z-overlay sites). With the FAR ladder, Portland has fundamentally restructured SF economics.
- Constrained Sites z overlay is a NEGATIVE overlay — it TURNS OFF HB 2001 middle-housing by-right on parcels with wildfire hazard / Airport Noise Impact / industrial sanctuary / unmaintained-street conditions. RIP Part 2 (June 2022) expanded z to R10 and R20. This is the opposite mechanic from most overlays.
- FEDERAL_STATE_CONFLICT at PDX: 14 CFR Part 77 airspace surfaces cap height below HB 3414 CFEC state-encouraged minimums on PDX-proximate CFAs (Airport Way / NE 82nd near Cascade Station / Parkrose / Sumner). Federal authority prevails via Supremacy Clause; parcel-level FAA Form 7460-1 determinations required.
Formulas
Definitions
- height
- Grade to highest point of structure (§33.930).
- lot_coverage
- Building footprint / lot area.
- far
- Gross above-grade floor area / lot area; excludes basements with <80in ceilings, porches, rooftop decks, exterior balconies (§33.110.210).
- du_ac
- Dwelling units per gross acre — NOT the primary density metric in SD zones; Portland uses FAR + min lot sf/unit.
- setback_front
- Front property line to nearest building face.
- setback_side
- Side property line to nearest building face.
- setback_rear
- Rear property line to nearest building face.
- parking
- Spaces per dwelling unit — ZERO minimum in SD zones (§33.266); statewide ZERO within CFAs (OAR 660-012).
Capacity calculations
- max_gfa_sf
lot_area_sf * far (FAR scales with unit count per Table 110-4; no variance allowed per §33.110.210.B)- max_footprint_sf
lot_area_sf * lot_coverage- buildable_width_ft
lot_width_ft - setback_side_ft * 2- buildable_depth_ft
lot_depth_ft - setback_front_ft - setback_rear_ft- narrow_lot_height_ft_R10_R5
1.2 * structure_width_ft (§33.110)- narrow_lot_height_ft_R2_5
1.5 * structure_width_ft (§33.110)- min_units_R5_large_lot
site_area_sf >= 10000 ? max(units, 2) : units (§33.110.205)- min_units_R7_large_lot
site_area_sf >= 14000 ? max(units, 2) : units (§33.110.205)- min_units_R2_5_large_lot
site_area_sf >= 5000 ? max(units, 2) : units (§33.110.205)
Massing explorer
Interactive 3D comparison across every district. Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom, use the slider to walk districts, and toggle applicable overlays in the right-side panel.
| District | Category | Height | FAR | Coverage | Setbacks | Parking | Density | Min lot | Overlays |
|---|
Sources & references
- [1] n
- [2] n
- [3] n
- [4] §33.610 Table 610-2
- [5] n
- [6] n
- [7] §33.266
- [8] n
- [9] n
- [10] n
- [11] §33.610 Table 610-2
- [12] n
- [13] n
- [14] §33.110.210
- [15] §33.266
- [16] n
- [17] n
- [18] n
- [19] §33.610 Table 610-2
- [20] n
- [21] n
- [22] §33.110.210
- [23] §33.266
- [24] n
- [25] n
- [26] n
- [27] §33.610 Table 610-2
- [28] n
- [29] n
- [30] §33.110.210 Table 110-4
- [31] §33.266
- [32] n
- [33] n
- [34] n
- [35] §33.610 Table 610-2
- [36] n
- [37] n
- [38] §33.110.210 Table 110-4
- [39] §33.266
- [40] n
- [41] n
- [42] n
- [43] §33.610 Table 610-2
- [44] n
- [45] n
- [46] §33.110.210 Table 110-4
- [47] §33.266
- [48] n
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- [52] i
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- [76] n
- [77] n
- [78] §33.120
- [79] n
- [80] n
- [81] n
- [82] n
- [83] n
- [84] n
- [85] n
- [86] §33.120 + §33.510
- [87] n
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- [124] n
- [125] n
- [126] n
- [127] n
- [128] n
- [129] n
- [130] n
- [131] n
- [132] §33.510 maps
- [133] n
- [134] §33.510.210
- [135] n
- [136] n
- [137] n
- [138] n
- [139] n
- [140] §33.510 maps
- [141] n
- [142] §33.510.210
- [143] n
- [144] n
- [145] n
- [146] n
- [147] n
- [148] n
- [149] n
- [150] n
- [151] n
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Research status
Publication gates
| primary url present | passed | source.primary_url = https://www.portland.gov/code/33 populated in v2 source{} block. Research file research/portland-or-zoning.md carries the URL at the document head under **Primary URL:** so document-level URL scan passes. Gate-1 deficiency from prior pass corrected in this repair run. |
|---|---|---|
| no aggregator cited | passed | Scan of profile and markdown research file confirms no Zoneomics/Steadily/SitePlanGuide/Propwire/CommunityScale/Zonara citations. CommunityScale secondary citation from v1 replaced with primary §33.110.205 + §33.110.210 Table 110-4 references. |
| confidence tags full form | passed | Markdown research file now carries well over 30 full-form [confirmed §33.XXX.YYY] tags pointing to Title 33 primary source; prior pass had 0. JSON profile confidence fields tightened to canonical c§ form (no intervening space). Sample full-form tags: §33.610 Table 610-2 on every SD district; §33.110.240 on RIP types; §33.110.205 on min-density; §33.110.210 + .B + .D on FAR; §33.120 + Table 120-4 on RM4 FAR; §33.266 on parking; §33.420, §33.430, §33.435, §33.440, §33.445, §33.510, §33.537, §33.846 on overlays. |
| overlays have parameters trigger confidence | passed | Research markdown now enumerates 9 overlays (Environmental c/p, Design d, Historic HP, Constrained Sites z, Willamette Greenway WG, Airport PDX Part 77, Central City CCOD, CFEC, Floodplain). Each carries explicit **Trigger**, **Parameters**, and **Confidence** sub-blocks with Title 33 citations. Prior pass had 4 overlays with Parameters/Trigger/Confidence missing. JSON profile overlays[] unchanged — already carried trigger, params, confidence in v2 shape. |
| preempt section city specific | passed | Research markdown State Preemptions section rewritten from 71-char link-stub to ~4,500 chars of Portland-specific applicability across 6 laws (HB 2001 RIP implementation + 630,498 pop >>25k threshold, HB 3414 CFEC CFA inventory, ADU ORS 197A.400, SB 458 MHLD via RIP Part 2, HB 2192 commercial residential, SB 1537 Design-Overlay interaction). FEDERAL_STATE_CONFLICT documented for PDX Part 77 × HB 3414. JSON profile state_preemptions_applicable[] unchanged — already carried 6 qualifying_condition_checked entries. |
Data quality
- Full Table 110-4 FAR × unit-count matrix (all SD zones beyond R5 ladder) — retrieve portland.gov/sites/default/files/code/110-sd-zone_1.pdf
- §33.110 base height/setback/coverage tables for R20/R10/R7/R5/R2.5/RF
- §33.120 MD zones dimensional tables (RM1-4, RX, RMP)
- §33.130 Commercial/MU zones dimensional tables (CM1-3, CX, CE)
- §33.140 Employment/Industrial dimensional tables (EX, EG1-2, EO, IG1-2, IH)
- §33.510 Central City Plan District subarea maps + base FAR + bonus FAR ladder + height maps
- §33.266 parking standards per use category (non-residential)
- CFEC final CFA boundary + per-CFA dimensional minimums (adoption in progress through 2026-2027)
Known issues
Other cities in this state
Nearest-alphabetical profiles. Click through to compare zoning patterns side-by-side.