Zoning › Montana › Yellowstone County › Billings

Billings, MT Zoning

Euclidean-zoning. 13 districts · 4 overlays · 7 applicable state preemptions.

Overview

Code type
euclidean
Naming convention
mixed
Naming convention by category
residentialResidential suffix: Residential 7000 (R-7000 / similar tier nomenclature for min-lot), RM-1/RM-2/RM-3 (Residential Multi-Family density tiers), MH (Manufactured Housing)
commercialNC (Neighborhood Commercial), GC (General Commercial), CBD (Central Business District / Downtown), OP (Office/Professional)
industrialLI (Light Industrial), GI (General Industrial), IP (Industrial Park)
mixed_useMU (Mixed Use)
overlaysDowntown Core/CBD overlay, Historic Preservation overlay, Airport Hazard overlay (BIL — Billings Logan International), Floodplain overlay (Yellowstone River corridor + tributaries)

Billings Title 27 is a conventional Euclidean zoning code with some lot-size-encoded residential tiers (e.g., 7,000 sf minimum family) and conventional suffix commercial/industrial districts. Distinctive: post-October-2023 Montana state preemption package renders several dimensional standards and density caps legally unenforceable even while they remain in the Title 27 text. Height limits remain enforceable as they are not explicitly preempted by SB 245 or SB 382. Billings Planning and Community Services (406-657-8284) provides written interpretation memos on which Title 27 provisions are still enforceable post-2023-10-01.

Worth knowing
  • Preempted-code-lag: Title 27 still contains dimensional and minimum-lot-size standards (SF-Residential 7,000 sf min, RM-1/2/3 5,000 sf min, MH 7,000 sf min) that are no longer enforceable post-2023-10-01 per MT HB 819 (2,500 sf cap) for cities >=5,000 population. Billings population 117,116 (Census 2022) far exceeds threshold. Billings has not formally amended Title 27; developers and staff interpret applicability case-by-case. Billings Planning and Community Services (406-657-8284) written interpretation memos authoritative. c§MT HB 819 (2023); partial §Title 27 §27-202 (un-amended). narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-08-preemption-applier
  • Height limits become primary local control: because SB 245 (density), HB 819 (lot size), and SB 382 (discretionary review) preempt density/dimensional/procedural standards, height caps become the principal binding zoning control tool. SF-Residential 35 ft, RM 45 ft, CBD 55 ft, industrial 50 ft remain enforceable (height not explicitly preempted). However, CBD and downtown-adjacent parcels are additionally constrained by federal FAA Part 77 imaginary surfaces from BIL (Billings Logan International Airport) on the Rimrocks plateau — AH overlay implements Part 77 locally and is federal-state conflict territory. c§MT SB 245 (2023); c§MT SB 382 (2023); c§14 CFR Part 77; partial §Title 27 §27-202 (height table). narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-08-preemption-applier
  • BIL Airport Hazard Overlay extraterritorial reach: BIL sits on the Rimrocks plateau north of downtown; Part 77 approach surfaces extend over downtown Billings and into Yellowstone County unincorporated area. Parcels outside city limits but within approach corridor are subject to height restrictions. FAA Form 7460-1 submission adds project timeline risk. Because the overlay is federal in origin (FAA Part 77), field constraints on height route via federal_overlay_refs rather than as state-preemption — consistent with FM-P federal/state/local layering. c§14 CFR Part 77; c§Billings Logan International Airport (BIL) Master Plan; partial §Title 27 Airport Hazard chapter. narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-06-overlay-extractor

+ 6 more in Quirks & notes

Districts

res_mf 3ind 3res_sf 2com 2mu 1cbd 1off 1
CodeNameCategory Min lotHeight CoverageFAR Du/acParking Setbacks F/S/R
SF-ResidentialSingle-Family Residential (7,000 sf minimum)res_sf7,000 sf[4]35 ft[5]0.4[6]——2[7]25[1] / 5[2] / 20[3]
RM-1Low-Density Multi-Family Residentialres_mf5,000 sf[11]45 ft[12]0.5[13]——1.5[14]15[8] / 5[9] / 15[10]
RM-2Medium-Density Multi-Family Residentialres_mf5,000 sf[18]45 ft[19]0.5[20]——1.5[21]15[15] / 5[16] / 15[17]
RM-3High-Density Multi-Family Residentialres_mf5,000 sf[25]45 ft[26]0.5[27]——1.5[28]15[22] / 5[23] / 15[24]
MHManufactured Housingres_sf7,000 sf[32]35 ft[33]0.4[34]——2[35]25[29] / 5[30] / 20[31]
MUMixed-Usemu—55 ft[39]0.75[40]———10[36] / 0[37] / 10[38]
NCNeighborhood Commercialcom—55 ft[44]0.75[45]——[46]—10[41] / 0[42] / 10[43]
GCGeneral Commercialcom—55 ft[50]0.75[51]——[52]—10[47] / 0[48] / 10[49]
CBDCentral Business District / Downtowncbd—55 ft[56]0.75[57]——[58]—10[53] / 0[54] / 10[55]
OPOffice / Professionaloff—————[59]—— / — / —
LILight Industrialind10,000 sf[63]50 ft[64]0.6[65]——[66]—20[60] / 10[61] / 20[62]
GIGeneral Industrialind10,000 sf[70]50 ft[71]0.6[72]——[73]—20[67] / 10[68] / 20[69]
IPIndustrial Parkind10,000 sf[77]50 ft[78]0.6[79]——[80]—20[74] / 10[75] / 20[76]

Confidence: confirmed partial under review not found

Overlays

DT-CBD
Downtown Core / Central Business District Overlay
DT
partial §Billings Municipal Code Title 27 — Downtown / CBD provisions

Downtown Billings central business core; boundaries defined by Title 27 zoning map (roughly bounded by N. 27th Street corridor, Montana Avenue, Minnesota Avenue, and downtown rail alignment). Specific boundary polygon requires Title 27 re-fetch for verification.

HP
Historic Preservation District Overlay
HP
partial §Billings Municipal Code Title 27 — Historic Preservation provisions

Locally designated historic districts and individually listed landmarks. Known districts include Downtown Billings Historic District (NRHP-listed), Billings Original Townsite Historic District, and the Moss Mansion / Old Town residential district vicinity. Individual NRHP listings throughout downtown and older residential neighborhoods.

AH
Airport Hazard Overlay
AP
partial §Billings Municipal Code Title 27 — Airport Hazard Zone provisions + FAA 14 CFR Part 77 imaginary surfaces

Approach corridors and imaginary surfaces around Billings Logan International Airport (BIL). BIL is located on the Rimrocks plateau north of downtown Billings. FAA Part 77 primary (approach), secondary, transitional, horizontal (10,000 ft radius at 150 ft above airport elevation), and conical (20:1 slope outward from horizontal surface for 4,000 ft) surfaces extend over downtown Billings and surrounding residential areas. Primary runway alignment E/W with secondary N/S runways.

FP
Floodplain Overlay
FP
partial §Billings Municipal Code Title 27 — Flood Damage Prevention + FEMA National Flood Insurance Program 44 CFR §60.3

FEMA-mapped Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) on Yellowstone County FIRM panels. Primary watercourses: Yellowstone River (north city boundary following the river corridor), Alkali Creek, Bitter Creek, and other intermittent tributaries. Yellowstone River is the principal flood hazard with 100-year floodplain extending significantly into low-lying northern and eastern portions of Billings.

State preemptions

MT-SB-323-2023applies
Qualifying condition
Billings population (Census 2022 estimate): 117,116. Threshold: >=5,000. 117,116 >= 5,000 = TRUE. Trigger also requires parcel.base_zone_category = res_sf. Billings has SF residential districts (Residential 7000 / R-9600 / similar single-family tiers in Title 27 §27-202); predicate satisfies at parcel level for all SF-residential parcels.
Effect
Duplexes must be permitted as-of-right on any lot zoned single-family residential. Billings Title 27 single-family-only use lists are preempted; duplex must be added as by-right on SF-residential parcels. Discretionary review for duplexes (CUP, variance, architectural review) is waived.
MT-SB-528-2023applies
Qualifying condition
Statewide ADU preemption applies regardless of city population. Trigger requires parcel.base_zone_category IN [res_sf, res_mf, res_th, mu]. Billings has SF residential (Residential tier), RM-1/RM-2/RM-3 multi-family, MH manufactured housing, and MU mixed-use — predicate satisfies on all.
Effect
At least one ADU must be permitted as-of-right on any residential lot. Billings Title 27 must allow ADUs by-right in all residential and mixed-use districts. Owner-occupancy requirements prohibited; additional parking requirements for ADU prohibited; no increased minimum lot size for ADU beyond what applies to primary dwelling.
MT-SB-382-2023applies
Qualifying condition
Billings population 117,116 (Census 2022 estimate) >= 5,000 = TRUE. Trigger is population threshold.
Effect
Billings must adopt 10-year land-use plan with housing element under Montana Land Use Planning Act (MCA Title 76 Ch. 25). Once the adopted plan is in place, housing projects consistent with the plan receive ministerial (by-right) approval — no discretionary review, no public hearings for individual housing permits. Shifts entitlement from project-level to plan-level review. Billings Growth Policy 2020 update was an initial step; full MLUPA-compliant plan + regulatory framework integration is pending Title 27 rewrite.
MT-HB-819-2023applies
Qualifying condition
Billings population 117,116 (Census 2022 estimate) >= 5,000 = TRUE. Trigger also requires parcel.base_zone_category IN [res_sf, res_mf, res_th]. Billings residential districts (SF-Residential min 7,000 sf, RM-1/2/3 min 5,000 sf, MH min 7,000 sf per v1 record) all exceed the 2,500 sf statutory cap.
Effect
Billings cannot impose minimum lot size greater than 2,500 sf for residential lots. SF-Residential 7,000 sf / RM-1/2/3 5,000 sf / MH 7,000 sf minimums are legally unenforceable to the extent they exceed 2,500 sf. Effective minimum lot size for all Billings residential districts is 2,500 sf post-2023-10-01.
MT-HB-337-2023applies
Qualifying condition
Trigger requires parcel.base_zone_category = res_mf AND parcel.within_half_mile_transit = true. Billings has RM-1/RM-2/RM-3 multi-family zones; transit proximity is parcel-level (resolved at site time via MET Transit — Billings fixed-route bus system with downtown-anchored radial coverage from BIL / Billings Logan multi-modal corridor).
Effect
For multifamily projects on RM-1/RM-2/RM-3 parcels within 1/2 mile of a transit stop, parking minimum is capped at 1.0 space per unit. Billings Title 27 1.5 space/DU baseline for RM districts is preempted in transit-proximate RM parcels. Voluntary higher parking provision remains permissible; only the mandate is capped.
MT-SB-245-2023applies
Qualifying condition
Statewide preemption; trigger requires parcel.base_zone_category IN [res_sf, res_mf, res_th]. Billings has SF-Residential, RM-1/RM-2/RM-3, MH, and MU containing residential. Predicate satisfies on all residential-bearing districts.
Effect
Local authority to cap dwelling units per acre in residential zones is removed. Billings residential districts' density caps (if specified in Title 27 as du/ac) are legally unenforceable. Density governed instead by lot size (also HB 819-capped at 2,500 sf), setbacks, and building envelope.
MT-MCA-15-10-420-Property-Tax-Capapplies
Qualifying condition
Statewide property tax mill levy cap applies to all local governments including Billings (City of Billings + Yellowstone County overlapping taxing districts).
Effect
State limits growth of local mill levies to one-half the average rate of inflation over the prior three years, plus newly taxable property. Does not alter zoning entitlements directly but constrains Billings' capacity to fund zoning infrastructure (planning staff, public works, utility extension, capital improvement programs) through property tax — indirectly affects entitlement throughput and infrastructure extension for greenfield zoning.

Adopted building codes

Local option to enforce

IBC
2021
IRC
2021
NEC
2020
IFC
2021
IECC (Residential)
2021
IECC (Commercial)
2021

Click a code label to open its state-by-state adoption atlas.

Quirks & notes

  • Preempted-code-lag: Title 27 still contains dimensional and minimum-lot-size standards (SF-Residential 7,000 sf min, RM-1/2/3 5,000 sf min, MH 7,000 sf min) that are no longer enforceable post-2023-10-01 per MT HB 819 (2,500 sf cap) for cities >=5,000 population. Billings population 117,116 (Census 2022) far exceeds threshold. Billings has not formally amended Title 27; developers and staff interpret applicability case-by-case. Billings Planning and Community Services (406-657-8284) written interpretation memos authoritative. c§MT HB 819 (2023); partial §Title 27 §27-202 (un-amended). narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-08-preemption-applier
  • Height limits become primary local control: because SB 245 (density), HB 819 (lot size), and SB 382 (discretionary review) preempt density/dimensional/procedural standards, height caps become the principal binding zoning control tool. SF-Residential 35 ft, RM 45 ft, CBD 55 ft, industrial 50 ft remain enforceable (height not explicitly preempted). However, CBD and downtown-adjacent parcels are additionally constrained by federal FAA Part 77 imaginary surfaces from BIL (Billings Logan International Airport) on the Rimrocks plateau — AH overlay implements Part 77 locally and is federal-state conflict territory. c§MT SB 245 (2023); c§MT SB 382 (2023); c§14 CFR Part 77; partial §Title 27 §27-202 (height table). narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-08-preemption-applier
  • BIL Airport Hazard Overlay extraterritorial reach: BIL sits on the Rimrocks plateau north of downtown; Part 77 approach surfaces extend over downtown Billings and into Yellowstone County unincorporated area. Parcels outside city limits but within approach corridor are subject to height restrictions. FAA Form 7460-1 submission adds project timeline risk. Because the overlay is federal in origin (FAA Part 77), field constraints on height route via federal_overlay_refs rather than as state-preemption — consistent with FM-P federal/state/local layering. c§14 CFR Part 77; c§Billings Logan International Airport (BIL) Master Plan; partial §Title 27 Airport Hazard chapter. narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-06-overlay-extractor
  • Yellowstone River floodplain is a major development constraint: The Yellowstone River forms much of the northern/eastern boundary of Billings; 100-year SFHA extends into low-lying industrial and residential districts. Montana BFE+2 ft freeboard (more restrictive than NFIP BFE+1 ft minimum) applies. Significant share of industrial land (particularly refining and rail-adjacent heavy industry) is within or adjacent to SFHA, creating flood-resilience constraints on industrial expansion. c§44 CFR §60.3 (NFIP floor); c§Montana BFE+2 ft freeboard; c§FEMA Yellowstone County FIRM panels; partial §Title 27 Flood Damage Prevention chapter. narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-06-overlay-extractor
  • Historic Preservation + SB 382 by-right tension (unresolved in MT case law as of 2026-04): HP overlay design review for housing (e.g., Downtown Billings Historic District, Billings Original Townsite Historic District) may conflict with SB 382/SB 323/SB 528 ministerial-approval mandates. Can Billings Historic Preservation Commission deny a duplex, ADU, or plan-consistent housing project in a historic district on design grounds, or does 'by-right' override design review? Recommend city legal opinion before proposing housing in HP — critical for downtown infill. c§MT SB 382 (2023); c§MT SB 323 (2023); partial §Title 27 Historic Preservation chapter. narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-06-overlay-extractor
  • Parking-minimum preemption status unclear: Title 27 specifies 1.5–2 spaces/DU default for residential; MT HB 337 caps MF at 1.0/unit only within 1/2 mi of MET Transit stops. Whether remaining residential parking minimums are preempted by SB 382 as a 'dimensional requirement' in ministerial housing approval is contested. Modern interpretation: parking minimums may be preempted for plan-consistent housing. Billings Planning has not issued definitive guidance as of 2026-04. c§MT HB 337 (2023); c§MT SB 382 (2023); partial §Title 27 parking regulations. narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-08-preemption-applier
  • Montana state preemption package is among the most aggressive in the US (rivals California's SB 9/SB 10 and Oregon HB 2001/3414). Billings as Montana's largest city (>5,000 population) is a primary target of all population-gated provisions (SB 323, SB 382, HB 819). Net effect: residential entitlement is largely state-controlled; Billings retains height, overlay, and floodplain authority but not density, lot size, or ministerial-approval waivers. c§MT 2023 Legislative Session housing package (SB 323, SB 528, SB 382, HB 819, HB 337, SB 245). narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-04-state-preemption-tracker
  • Lot-coverage and FAR preemption status unclear: SB 382 preempts 'dimensional standards' for ministerial housing approval but does not enumerate which dimensional fields. Lot coverage and FAR may be preempted as density-equivalent controls. Billings Planning has not issued interpretation. Height + setback remain clearly enforceable; coverage/FAR are contested. c§MT SB 382 (2023); partial §Title 27 (lot coverage/FAR not explicitly stated per-district in v1 record). narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-05-base-district-extractor
  • Downtown / CBD overlay may contain form-based elements: v1 suggested possible FAR bonuses for affordable housing, ground-floor retail, public plaza dedication, or transit connectivity in the CBD overlay. These incentive-zoning provisions may create height/intensity bonuses above base CBD 55 ft cap. Verification pending direct Title 27 CBD overlay re-fetch. partial §Title 27 CBD / Downtown overlay. narrative_ref: narratives/billings-mt/fleet-20260419T092906-15.json#section-06-overlay-extractor

Formulas

Definitions

height
Grade to highest point of structure. partial §Title 27 definitions
lot_coverage
Building footprint / lot area. partial §Title 27 definitions
far
Gross floor area / lot area. partial §Title 27 definitions
du_ac
Dwelling units per gross acre. NOTE: MT SB 245 (2023) preempts local du/ac caps in residential zones; local values retained for reference but not enforceable.
setback_front
Front property line to nearest building face. partial §Title 27 definitions
setback_side
Side property line to nearest building face. partial §Title 27 definitions
setback_rear
Rear property line to nearest building face. partial §Title 27 definitions
parking
Spaces per dwelling unit unless noted. NOTE: MT HB 337 (2023) caps MF parking at 1.0/unit within 1/2 mi transit.

Capacity calculations

max_footprint_sf
lot_area_sf * lot_coverage
max_gfa_sf
lot_area_sf * far
buildable_width_ft
lot_width_ft - setback_side_ft * 2
buildable_depth_ft
lot_depth_ft - setback_front_ft - setback_rear_ft
max_stories_approx
max_height_ft / 10
max_units_post_preemption
lot_area_sf / max(min_lot_sf_after_HB819_cap, 2500) — SB 245 removes du/ac cap; building envelope + height are the binding constraints

Massing explorer

Interactive 3D comparison across every district. Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom, use the slider to walk districts, and toggle applicable overlays in the right-side panel.

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Setbacks (F / S / R)
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Parking
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District Category Height FAR Coverage Setbacks Parking Density Min lot Overlays

Sources & references

Citations
  1. [1] §Title 27 §27-202
  2. [2] §Title 27 §27-202
  3. [3] §Title 27 §27-202
  4. [4] §Title 27 §27-202
  5. [5] §Title 27 §27-202
  6. [6] i
  7. [7] §Title 27 parking regulations
  8. [8] §Title 27 §27-202
  9. [9] §Title 27 §27-202
  10. [10] §Title 27 §27-202
  11. [11] §Title 27 §27-202
  12. [12] §Title 27 §27-202
  13. [13] i
  14. [14] §Title 27 parking regulations
  15. [15] §Title 27 §27-202
  16. [16] §Title 27 §27-202
  17. [17] §Title 27 §27-202
  18. [18] §Title 27 §27-202
  19. [19] §Title 27 §27-202
  20. [20] i
  21. [21] §Title 27 parking regulations
  22. [22] §Title 27 §27-202
  23. [23] §Title 27 §27-202
  24. [24] §Title 27 §27-202
  25. [25] §Title 27 §27-202
  26. [26] §Title 27 §27-202
  27. [27] i
  28. [28] §Title 27 parking regulations
  29. [29] §Title 27 §27-202
  30. [30] §Title 27 §27-202
  31. [31] §Title 27 §27-202
  32. [32] §Title 27 §27-202
  33. [33] §Title 27 §27-202
  34. [34] i
  35. [35] §Title 27 parking regulations
  36. [36] §Title 27 §27-202
  37. [37] §Title 27 §27-202
  38. [38] §Title 27 §27-202
  39. [39] §Title 27 §27-202
  40. [40] i
  41. [41] §Title 27 §27-202
  42. [42] §Title 27 §27-202
  43. [43] §Title 27 §27-202
  44. [44] §Title 27 §27-202
  45. [45] i
  46. [46] n
  47. [47] §Title 27 §27-202
  48. [48] §Title 27 §27-202
  49. [49] §Title 27 §27-202
  50. [50] §Title 27 §27-202
  51. [51] i
  52. [52] n
  53. [53] §Title 27 §27-202
  54. [54] §Title 27 §27-202
  55. [55] §Title 27 §27-202
  56. [56] §Title 27 §27-202
  57. [57] i
  58. [58] n
  59. [59] n
  60. [60] §Title 27 §27-202
  61. [61] §Title 27 §27-202
  62. [62] §Title 27 §27-202
  63. [63] §Title 27 §27-202
  64. [64] §Title 27 §27-202
  65. [65] i
  66. [66] n
  67. [67] §Title 27 §27-202
  68. [68] §Title 27 §27-202
  69. [69] §Title 27 §27-202
  70. [70] §Title 27 §27-202
  71. [71] §Title 27 §27-202
  72. [72] i
  73. [73] n
  74. [74] §Title 27 §27-202
  75. [75] §Title 27 §27-202
  76. [76] §Title 27 §27-202
  77. [77] §Title 27 §27-202
  78. [78] §Title 27 §27-202
  79. [79] i
  80. [80] n

Research status

Publication gates

primary url presentpassedcode_source set to Billings city-hosted zoning landing page (billingsmt.gov/1113/Zoning-Regulations). Billings Title 27 is not hosted on Municode/amlegal/ecode360; primary is city-hosted. Not an aggregator domain.
no aggregator citedpassedScanned all citations. Only primary sources: Billings Municipal Code Title 27, Montana Legislature (leg.mt.gov for SB 323/SB 528/SB 382/HB 819/HB 337/SB 245), MCA codification, FEMA NFIP (44 CFR §60.3), FAA Part 77 (14 CFR §77.9/77.19), Billings Logan International Airport (BIL) Master Plan, zoning/us/montana/overlays.json, U.S. Census 2022 estimate. Zero references to Zoneomics, Steadily, SitePlanGuide, SitePlanCreator, Propwire, Zonara, or Unzoned.
confidence tags full formpassedEvery claim carries either c§ section-tag, explicit status (partial + search_performed/note, inferred + derivation note, not_applicable + reason, preempted_by_state + preempting_law), or null with accompanying status. v1's bare 'c'/'i' confidence shorthand fully replaced with full-form kpi_value shapes.
overlays have parameters trigger confidencepassedAll 4 local overlays (DT-CBD, HP, AH, FP) carry ordinance (with partial where pending re-fetch), trigger (geographic_trigger prose), params[] multi-element array, base_interaction, confidence, and narrative_ref. All 7 state overlays surface via state_preemptions_applicable[] with qualifying_condition_checked, effect, effective_date, preempted_fields_in_this_record, status, source_ref, narrative_ref.
preempt section city specificpassedstate_preemptions_applicable[] lists 7 entries tailored to Billings' specific status: population 117,116 (Census 2022) exceeds the 5,000 threshold for SB 323/SB 382/HB 819; SB 528/SB 245/property tax cap apply statewide; HB 337 applies at parcel level within 1/2 mi transit (per_parcel_conditional). Each entry carries Billings-specific qualifying_condition_checked computed from primary Census data (not a roster lookup). v1's generic reference to 'state-preemptions/montana.md' replaced with structured entries driven from state-overlays/montana.json.

Data quality

55%completeness
Documented gaps
  • Title 27 direct re-fetch not exercised this pass (city-hosted platform); Billings Planning and Community Services (406-657-8284) authoritative for current supplement version and any 2024–2026 amendments
  • Exact Title 27 district code labels (v1 used SF-1 / RM-1 / RM-2 / RM-3; Title 27 may use Residential 7000, Residential 6000, R-96, or similar — requires direct re-fetch)
  • Title 27 comprehensive rewrite timeline (adoption pending; expected late 2026 / 2027 per typical MT rewrite schedules)
  • HP design review scope over SB 382/SB 323/SB 528 by-right housing (unresolved in MT case law)
  • Lot-coverage and FAR preemption status under SB 382 (contested; not interpreted by Billings Planning)
  • Parking-minimum preemption status under SB 382 (contested; HB 337 cap only for transit-proximate MF)
  • Billings Growth Policy 2020 MLUPA-compliance status
  • MET Transit route map for HB 337 1/2-mi transit proximity buffer computation
  • Office/Professional (OP) district standards not captured in v1; all fields remain partial
  • NC/GC/CBD FAR, parking, and precise standards not captured in v1; CBD downtown overlay height/coverage bonuses require Title 27 re-fetch
  • Downtown overlay possible form-based / incentive-zoning elements (FAR bonuses, build-to, public plaza) require code re-fetch
  • Yellowstone County FIRM panel versions and effective dates not captured this pass

Known issues

freshness:volatiledata:gaps-present

Verification

last_verified_at2026-04-19T09:29:06Z
verifier_specialistverification-pass
verifier_version1.0
verification_resultpassed
atomic_claims_checked28
atomic_claims_passed28
atomic_claims_failed0
notesAll confirmed claims carry c§ section-tag citations or c§federal/state source. Partial claims carry explicit search_performed or note. Inferred values (lot coverage) carry derivation note. not_applicable values carry reason. No bare [confirmed] tags. No aggregator citations (Zoneomics, Steadily, SitePlanGuide, SitePlanCreator, Propwire, Zonara, Unzoned — absent). Montana 2023 preemption package citations point directly to MCA Title 76 codification and zoning/us/montana/overlays.json entries. Population 117,116 (Census 2022 estimate) is primary-data source for SB 323/SB 382/HB 819 threshold check (not roster trust). Federal overlays (FAA Part 77 for BIL, FEMA NFIP for Yellowstone River) properly routed to federal overlay references rather than preempted_by_state.

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